OWASP Top 10 2025 Training Course

A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
A02:2025 - Security Misconfiguration
A03:2025 - Software Supply Chain Failures
A04:2025 - Cryptographic Failures
A05:2025 - Injection
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
A08:2025 - Software or Data Integrity Failures
A09:2025 - Security Logging and Alerting Failures
A10:2025 - Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions

A01:2025 Broken Access Control - This category involves failures where access controls do not properly enforce policies, allowing users to act beyond their intended permissions. Such failures can result in unauthorized disclosure, modification, or destruction of data, as well as the execution of business functions outside authorized limits.

A02:2025 Security Misconfiguration - This occurs when systems, applications, or cloud services are configured incorrectly from a security standpoint, thereby creating exploitable vulnerabilities.

A03:2025 Software Supply Chain Failures - These are breakdowns or compromises in the software build, distribution, or update processes. They often stem from vulnerabilities or malicious alterations in third-party code, tools, or dependencies that the system relies upon.

A04:2025 Cryptographic Failures - In general, all data in transit should be encrypted at the transport layer (OSI layer 4). Previous challenges, such as CPU performance overhead and complex private key/certificate management, have been mitigated by modern CPUs with hardware-accelerated encryption instructions (e.g., AES support) and simplified certificate management via services like LetsEncrypt.org and integrated cloud platform tools. Beyond securing transport, it is critical to identify data requiring encryption at rest and additional application-layer (OSI layer 7) encryption in transit. Sensitive data such as passwords, credit card numbers, health records, personal information, and business secrets demand extra protection, particularly when subject to privacy regulations like the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or standards like the PCI Data Security Standard (PCI DSS).

A05:2025 Injection - Injection vulnerabilities are flaws that permit attackers to insert malicious code or commands (such as SQL or shell commands) into input fields, tricking the system into executing them as if they were legitimate parts of the application. This can lead to severe and potentially catastrophic consequences.

A06:2025 Insecure Design - Insecure design is a broad category encompassing various weaknesses, typically described as missing or ineffective control designs. It is not the root cause of all other Top Ten risk categories. It is important to distinguish between insecure design and insecure implementation, as they have different root causes, occur at different stages of the development process, and require different remediation strategies. A secure design can still suffer from implementation defects that lead to exploitable vulnerabilities. Conversely, an insecure design cannot be remediated by perfect implementation if the necessary security controls were never originally designed to defend against specific attacks. A significant factor contributing to insecure design is the lack of business risk profiling for the software or system, leading to an inability to determine the required level of security design.

A07:2025 Authentication Failures - This vulnerability exists when an attacker successfully tricks a system into recognizing an invalid or incorrect user as legitimate.

A08:2025 Software or Data Integrity Failures - These failures relate to code and infrastructure that fails to protect against invalid or untrusted code or data being treated as trusted and valid. For example, applications may rely on plugins, libraries, or modules from untrusted sources, repositories, or content delivery networks (CDNs). An insecure CI/CD pipeline that lacks software integrity checks can introduce risks of unauthorized access, malicious code, or system compromise. Another example is a CI/CD process that pulls code or artifacts from untrusted locations and/or fails to verify them (e.g., via signature checking) before use. 

A09:2025 Security Logging & Alerting Failures  - Without robust logging and monitoring, attacks and breaches often go undetected. Furthermore, without effective alerting, it is extremely difficult to respond quickly and effectively during a security incident. Insufficient logging, continuous monitoring, detection, and alerting mechanisms to initiate active responses represent a critical gap.

A10:2025 Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions - This occurs when software fails to prevent, detect, or respond to unusual and unpredictable situations, resulting in crashes, unexpected behavior, or vulnerabilities. This typically involves one or more of the following failures: the application does not prevent the unusual situation, does not identify it as it occurs, and/or responds inadequately or not at all after the fact.

We will discuss and present practical aspects of:

Broken Access Control
- Real-world examples of broken access controls
- Implementing secure access controls and following best practices

Security Misconfiguration
- Real-world examples of common misconfigurations
- Strategies to prevent misconfiguration, including configuration management and automation tools

Cryptographic Failures
- In-depth analysis of failures such as weak encryption algorithms or improper key management
- The importance of strong cryptographic mechanisms, secure protocols (SSL/TLS), and modern cryptographic applications in web security

Injection Attacks
- Detailed breakdown of SQL, NoSQL, OS, and LDAP injection techniques
- Mitigation strategies using prepared statements, parameterized queries, and input escaping

Insecure Design
- Exploration of design flaws that lead to vulnerabilities, such as improper input validation
- Study of secure architecture strategies and secure design principles

Authentication Failures
- Common authentication issues and pitfalls
- Secure authentication strategies, including multi-factor authentication and proper session handling

Software and Data Integrity Failures
- Addressing issues such as untrusted software updates and data tampering
- Implementing safe update mechanisms and data integrity checks

Security Logging and Monitoring Failures
- The importance of logging security-relevant events and monitoring for suspicious activities
- Utilizing tools and practices for proper logging and real-time monitoring to detect breaches early