OWASP Top 10 2025 Training Course

A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
A02:2025 - Security Misconfiguration
A03:2025 - Software Supply Chain Failures
A04:2025 - Cryptographic Failures
A05:2025 - Injection
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
A08:2025 - Software or Data Integrity Failures
A09:2025 - Security Logging and Alerting Failures
A10:2025 - Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions

A01:2025 Broken Access Control – Access control mechanisms enforce policies to ensure users cannot act beyond their intended permissions. Failures here typically result in unauthorized data disclosure, modification, or destruction, or the execution of business functions outside user limits.

A02:2025 Security Misconfiguration – This occurs when a system, application, or cloud service is improperly configured from a security standpoint, thereby introducing vulnerabilities.

A03:2025 Software Supply Chain Failures – These are breakdowns or compromises in the software building, distribution, or update process. They often stem from vulnerabilities or malicious alterations in third-party code, tools, or dependencies that the system relies upon.

A04:2025 Cryptographic Failures – Ideally, all data in transit should be encrypted at the transport layer (OSI layer 4). Historical challenges such as CPU performance and key management have been mitigated by modern CPUs with accelerated encryption instructions (e.g., AES support) and simplified certificate management via services like LetsEncrypt.org or integrated cloud vendor solutions. Beyond the transport layer, it is crucial to determine which data requires encryption at rest and additional encryption at the application layer (OSI layer 7). Sensitive data, such as passwords, credit card numbers, health records, personal information, and business secrets, demands enhanced protection, particularly when subject to privacy laws like the EU’s GDPR or standards like PCI DSS.

A05:2025 Injection – An injection vulnerability exists when a system allows attackers to insert malicious code or commands (such as SQL or shell code) into input fields, causing the system to execute them as legitimate instructions. This can lead to severe security consequences.

A06:2025 Insecure Design – This broad category represents weaknesses characterized by missing or ineffective control design. It is distinct from other Top Ten risks, and there is a clear difference between insecure design and insecure implementation. Design flaws and implementation defects differ in root cause, timing in the development lifecycle, and remediation strategies. A secure design can still suffer from implementation defects, but an insecure design cannot be resolved by perfect implementation if the necessary security controls were never designed. A key contributor to insecure design is the lack of business risk profiling, leading to an inability to determine the required level of security architecture.

A07:2025 Authentication Failures – This vulnerability is present when an attacker successfully tricks a system into recognizing an invalid or incorrect user as legitimate.

A08:2025 Software or Data Integrity Failures – These failures occur when code or infrastructure fails to protect against untrusted or invalid code/data being treated as trusted. Examples include applications relying on plugins, libraries, or modules from untrusted sources, repositories, or CDNs. Insecure CI/CD pipelines that lack integrity checks can introduce unauthorized access, malicious code, or system compromise. Another example is a CI/CD system that pulls artifacts from untrusted locations without verifying their signatures or integrity before use.

A09:2025 Security Logging & Alerting Failures – Without proper logging and monitoring, attacks and breaches go undetected, and the absence of alerting makes rapid, effective incident response nearly impossible. Insufficient logging, continuous monitoring, detection, and alerting prevent active responses at any time.

A10:2025 Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions – This occurs when programs fail to prevent, detect, or respond to unusual situations, leading to crashes, unexpected behavior, or vulnerabilities. This may involve failing to prevent an unusual event, failing to identify it as it happens, or failing to respond appropriately afterwards.

We will discuss and present practical aspects of:

Broken Access Control
- Real-world examples of broken access controls
- Secure access control implementations and best practices

Security Misconfiguration
- Case studies of common misconfigurations
- Strategies to prevent misconfiguration, including the use of configuration management and automation tools

Cryptographic Failures
- Analysis of failures such as weak encryption algorithms or poor key management
- The role of strong cryptographic mechanisms, secure protocols (SSL/TLS), and modern cryptography in web security

Injection Attacks
- Detailed examination of SQL, NoSQL, OS, and LDAP injection
- Mitigation techniques using prepared statements, parameterized queries, and input escaping

Insecure Design
- Exploration of design flaws that lead to vulnerabilities, such as improper input validation
- Strategies for secure architecture and secure design principles

Authentication Failures
- Common authentication pitfalls
- Secure authentication strategies, including multi-factor authentication and proper session management

Software and Data Integrity Failures
- Addressing issues like untrusted software updates and data tampering
- Implementation of safe update mechanisms and data integrity checks

Security Logging and Monitoring Failures
- The importance of logging security-relevant events and monitoring for suspicious activity
- Tools and practices for effective logging and real-time monitoring to detect breaches early